7 Cognitive biases that make people stupid
1.Self-interest attribution bias.
When you succeed, you feel it's mostly your own doing; when you fail, you dump the blame on someone else or external circumstances.
When dumping the blame on someone else, such as a couple having a falling out, we all tend to think that the other person had nothing to do with it and started the fight....
Shifting blame to outside circumstances, such as when Ming takes a math test and does well on it he may think because he is smart.
If you don't do well on a test, you may find the questions too difficult, correct the papers too strictly, or even think that you did well because you...reviewed a fake book.
Even if you play the King's game, there are self-interested attributions to.
I lost this game and thought, "Damn, this stupid teammate is so screwed up!"
I won this game and thought, "If I hadn't been smart and pushed that tower..."
So it is with games and so it is with life.
How many people don't want to improve, and when they fail, they blame it on the outside world, but they refuse to remove the thorn in their own side!
That's not stupid, what is?
In the end, you still see yourself as the wittiest, but in fact, you're already more screwed up than your God-pit teammates.
2. Actor-observer bias
When we observe the behavior of others, we tend to blame their character and ignore the impact of the situation.
Saying things without thinking, just spewing, never thinking about the value of the opinion itself, never checking the source of the information.
It doesn't get much dumber than that.
3. mispricing bias.
The reason for the mispricing bias is that many people, only price the short-term value of a thing.
For example, if there is a company that is offering to poach you over at a very high salary, would you be willing to do that? Many people can't resist the temptation.
But do not think, in the long run.
Is there enough room for growth in this position?
Does this company have a future?
Is this industry booming?
They know that video games can be played in leisure time, but in the minds of many college students, the "price" of games is extremely high because of the pursuit of instant pleasure, they play games without thinking about food.
If they don't see the value of studying in the short term, they will give up the treatment; if they get pleasure from games in the short term, they will play them desperately.
In the end, the game is the king, but life has become a loser.
If this is not stupid, what is it?
4. Overconfidence bias (overconfidence theory)
If you've priced your reading correctly and understand the importance of reading...there's still another bias you can fall into.
For example, "I'm going to read 100 books this year! I'm going to read a few books this year! .
Psychologists call this obsessive confidence that people have, the overconfidence bias.
It's not that confidence is bad, but they're so overconfident that they don't feel the need to make detailed plans about reading....
In the end, they snap in the face and decay for another year, and they too have long forgotten the slogans from one year ago and move on to the next year's cycle... These people are overconfident to the point of childishness, thinking that shouting slogans and playing chicken will do the trick.
If it were really that easy, would it be so hard to ruin every year's plans?
Is this just stupid....
5. sunk cost effects
When I was in high school, car sharing hadn't been born yet, and sometimes I got up late in the morning, ready to take a taxi but couldn't wait, instead the bus passed by several, but I still wanted to take a taxi, thinking: "I've been waiting for a taxi for so long, I have to keep waiting, or else the time spent earlier wouldn't be wasted?"
What I did was actually pretty stupid, it's a classic sunk cost effect.
The time spent waiting for a taxi is my irrecoverable cost, but it influences my decision to continue waiting rather than take public transport....
It's the same when you're dating, and the other person is determined to break up, and you think to yourself, "It's been a year, and you've paid so much, how can it end so easily?"
But...Ta doesn't love you anymore, and it's not possible to keep it, but you still have to stalk it.
If you can't leave the pain and sacrifice of the past behind, what's the difference between that and being in jail?
6. hindsight bias (hindsight bias)
Gay men have probably run into people who watch games with them, and you make all kinds of predictions before the game, and they don't say a word, and as soon as the game is over, they start analyzing, "Haha, I already knew the A's would win because..."
This seemingly intelligent analysis, which psychologists call hindsight bias, means that those analyses they make after the fact are probably nonsense.
The reason is that it's so much easier to analyze after the fact than it is to predict beforehand.
Nothing is more unfortunate than when you have a boss with a hindsight bias....
When you accomplish something, he says I knew it would work and then doesn't give you enough credit for it.
When you screwed up a thing, he immediately put up a face and said, I told you this could not be done, followed by docking your pay.
Alas, hindsight is 20/20, beforehand like a pig.
Could it be any more stupid?
7. Survivorship bias
We often see reports of.
What's his secret to going backwards from a monthly salary of 3000 to the CEO of a $3 billion valued company?
In the age of new media, these kinds of headlines are commonplace, right?
Open the article and usually start with a story of a loser going against the grain and then conclude with 123 truths and tell the reader that's the secret...is his lesson learned worth anything? There certainly is, and the reference value is certainly there.
But it's silly to accept these truths as truths of life.
Psychologists call it the survivor's bias. Out of thousands of people earning 3000 a month, only he is a "survivor", which is reported in the media, while the other 99.99% are "dead".
Most of the people only see the great principles that successful people talk about, but they don't see the methodology, resources, family background, connections and even luck behind it.
Some people, successful people fart and you treat it like a treasure.
If that's not stupid, what is?
2. Solutions
There are so many silly cognitive biases that people make stupid, how do you avoid them?
Psychologists have come up with the answer, away from cognitive biases, with these 3 steps.
1) Change your metacognition
Recognizing the existence of cognitive bias itself diminishes its impact.
This process, in fact, invokes your metacognitive ability to reflect on the thought process of.
The only way to change it is to become aware of the bias in the thinking process, and metacognition pushes the stop button for the thinking process.
It's not enough to recognize that in reality cognitive biases are often very subtle, so it's important to relate to your real-life experiences. For example: what cognitive biases have I committed in the past? It will be in the future, when you encounter the same situation, that you will want to remember to avoid it.
(3) Slow down, slow down, slow down.
Every day we see headlines like this.
A few lessons to overturn your perceptions, a few days to teach you to increase your monthly salary tenfold, a few secrets to teach you to become a master....
Countless courses and articles claim to change your outlook on the world.
So you're tempted to buy them, to experience the feeling of "rapidly" changing your outlook on life.
But people's outlooks are like building blocks that get turned upside down and eventually fall apart.
It encourages you to succeed quickly, it encourages you to buy quickly, it encourages you to think quickly.... It's the businessman who can manipulate your wallet by exploiting human nature, psychological traps, and cognitive biases.
So I suggest to you: before you make any decision, give yourself some time to think and slow down, slow down, slow down.
Fast, is the disease of the times.
Slowing, is good medicine.
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